国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展

Research Progress in Sapindus L. Germplasm Resources

无患子属(Sapindus L.)种质资源是无患子产业发展的基础,种质资源研究可为探讨无患子属的起源、进化、分类、资源保护与利用、良种选育、高效栽培等提供科学依据和基础。文中综述了国内外无患子属分类、分布及亲缘关系,种质资源的收集、保存与评价,种质资源多样性等方面的研究进展,得出如下结论:1)世界上无患子属树种共13种,我国分布4种1变种;2)我国多个研究团队收集、保存无患子属种质资源近1 000份,以假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸利用为目标,筛选评价出性状优异的9个种源、7个家系和54株优树;3)无患子种质资源在表型、假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸、遗传等方面多样性丰富,并受环境因子极大的影响,根据遗传多样性分析推测我国无患子起源于自然分布区中部并向四周扩散。研究认为,目前研究仍存在种质资源收集不足、缺乏对该属树种系统研究和无优良品种推出等亟待解决的问题,提出应加强无患子属分子生物学基础研究、以居群为单位加强无患子属种质资源收集和评价力度、加强良种选育和高效培育技术以及国际合作研究等建议,以期为无患子产业可持续发展提供有力支撑,促进无患子属种质资源的开发利用。

Germplasm resources are the basis for the development of Sapindus L. industry, the study of which will provide scientific basis for exploring the origin, evolution, classification, preservation and utilization of resources, breeding of improved varieties and efficient cultivation of Sapindus L. This paper reviewed the research on classification, distribution and genetic relationship, collection, conservation and evaluation, and the diversity of germplasm resources, and came to the conclusions as follows ： （ 1 ） There are 13 species of Sapindus L. worldwide, and 4 species and 1 varieties distributed in China; （2） Nearly 1000 samples of germplasm resources have been collected and preserved by several research teams in China, from which 9 provenances, 7 families and 54 elite trees with excellent character were screened and evaluated with pericarpsaponin and seed fatty acid utilization as the goal; （3） Sapindus L. germplasm resources are rich in the phenotype, pericarpsaponin, seed fatty acid, genetic diversity and other aspects, and greatly influenced by environmental factors. The analysis of genetic diversity found that S. mukorossi Gaertn might be originated from the central part of the natural distribution area and then spread around in China. It was argued that there were still some problems that needed to be solved, including the lack of germplasm resources collection, the lack of systematic research on the species under the genus and no introduction of excellent varieties. Suggestions were proposed to strengthen the basic research on molecular biology of Sapindus L. , boost the collection and evaluation of Sapindus L. germplasm resources with population as the unit, enhance the breeding of improved variety and efficient breeding techniques, as well as facilitating international cooperation, so as to provide effective supports to the sustainable development of Sapindus L. industry, and promote the development and utilization of the germplasm resources of Sapindus L.