英美刑法中的主客观要件一致性原则

The Concurrence of Mens Rea and Actus Reus in Common Law

犯罪的成立不仅要求客观要件和主观要件,还要求主客观要件具有一致性。主客观要件一致性原则确立在犯罪意图作为犯罪构成要素发展的基础上,并逐渐成为刑事责任的必要要素。主客观一致性原则包括犯罪行为与主观要素在时间上的一致和犯罪结果与犯罪主观要素在种类和强度上的一致。由于原因自由行为的犯罪行为与主观要素在时间上涉嫌不一致,即使立法确立了其责任,但理论上仍存在激烈争论。原因行为具有引发危害结果的现实危险,应被认定为实行行为,且行为人在原因行为阶段对故意自陷的行为及其结果存有主观过错,故此,原因自由行为符合主客观要件一致性原则的要求。

The establishment of a crime not only requires objective elements and subjective elements, but also requiresconsistency between subjective and objective elements. The concurrence of mens rea and actus reus is established on the basis ofthe development of criminal intent as a constituent element of crime, and gradually becomes a necessary element of criminalresponsibility. The Concurrence of mens rea and actus reus includes the consistency of criminal behavior and subjective elementsin time and the consistency between crime result and subjective elements of crime in category and intensity. There is stillaheated debate on the theory that the cause of the act of liberty is inconsistent with the subjective elements in time, even thoughthe legislation has established its responsibility. The actio libra in cause has the practical danger to cause the harm result, shouldbe recognized as the implementation behavior, and the doer has the subjective fault in the reason behavior stage to the intentionalself - trapping behavior and its result, therefore, the actio libra in causa conforms to the subjective and objective elementconformity principle.