低碳经济背景下中国风力发电跨区并网研究

Analysis of cross-regional grid integration of wind power under a low carbon economy

低碳经济背景下,风能在能源结构中的比例不断提高。中国风力发电建设迅猛发展,风电装机新增装机容量和累计装机容量持续保持世界第一。"三北"地区"弃风"现象严重。而跨区并网风电外输是目前解决"弃风"问题的重要手段。本文尝试从地理学视角,基于复杂网络分析方法,通过"弃风"省份的"弃风率"、"弃风"电量和风电负荷省份"十三五"能耗强度降低目标和能耗增量控制目标,以及空间距离为变量对万有引力定律进行改进,进而探讨在"弃风"区域风电溢出效应作用下全国风电跨区并网的复杂网络特征。发现:"弃风率"和"碳排放量"是风电跨区并网的主要驱动力;风电跨区并网的"弃风"消纳的核心为西北和华北电网,风电负荷核心为华中电网;跨区并网的区块划分具有地理倾向性特点,且呈现以负荷地区为核心,"弃风"地区为边缘的"核心-边缘"结构。最后,基于电网传输损耗对电价的限制,进一步为风电跨区并网的区块划分提出合理性建议。

In the context of low-carbon economy, the proportion of wind power in energy structure is increasing rapidly. The installed capacity and accumulated installed capacity of wind power continues to be the largest in the world, but the phenomenon of abandoning wind resources in the Northeast Area, North Area and Northwest Area of China is serious. An important means to solve the problem of abandoning wind resource is by connecting it to the power grid and transporting out. Here we explore network characteristics in abandoned wind resource regions based on the spillover effect and from the perspective of geography based on complex network analysis. The law of gravity as the force improved using variables, such as space distance, electric quantity, abandoned wind rate, energy intensity reduction and incremental energy consumption control target in the 13th Five-Year Plan. The main driving force of wind power generation is the rate of wind rejection and carbon emissions. Northwest and North China Area grids are the export- core of Cross- Regional Grid Integration of Wind Power and Central China Area grid is the importcore. Community division across the grid has the characteristics of geographical orientation presenting a‘core-edge＇ structure of the abandoned wind resources areas is the core and the power con- sumption area is the edge. Communities in the wind power regional grid are proposed based on the limitation of transmission loss to electricity pricing.