立体式生态浮床在喀斯特环境水体净化中的效果研究

A Study on the Effect of Three Dimensional Ecological Floating Bed on the Purification of Environmental Water Body in Karst Area

为了研究植物生态浮床在喀斯特水体环境中富营养物质的去除效果及生态浮床中植物的选取组合,将富贵竹和鸢尾通过单一、组合形式构建生态浮床,模拟喀斯特环境水体进行生态修复实验。结果表明,富贵竹、鸢尾、富贵竹+鸢尾不同的植物组合生态浮床对COD、TN、NH^+_4-N、NO^-_3-N、TP都有较好的去除效果,去除率依次为61.63%、44.38%、94.01%、13.35%、76.48%;28.33%、51.18%、88.11%、26.29%、55.25%;33.97%、49.56%、89.73%、22.25%、49.81%。鸢尾对TN、NO^-_3-N的去除率最好,富贵竹对NH^+_4-N、TP的去除中效果最佳,富贵竹+鸢尾组合处于中间状态,可见植物组合会使去除效果产生协同效应。通过实验组植物的生长状况和去除能力分析,单一植物组比混合组去除能力更强,但考虑综合去除效果还需要应用组合型生态浮床。

In this study, aquatic plants lucky bamboo （Dracaena sanderiana Sander）and iris （Iris tectorum Maxim.）were used separately and in combination for constructing ecological floating beds on simulated karst water and investigating the removal efficiency of excess nutrients. The removal efficiency of different plant groups was also evaluated. Results show that the respective removal rates of COD, TN, NH4-N, NO3-N, and TP are 61.63%, 44.38%, 94.01%, 13.35%, and 76.48% by lucky bamboo, 28.33%, 51.18%, 88.11%, 26. 29%, and 55.25% by iris, and 33.97%, 49.56%, 89. 73%, 22. 25%, and 49. 81% by their combination, respectively. The highest removal rates of TN and NO^-N are by iris, and the highest removal rates of NH4-N and TP are by lucky bamboo. In addition, effectiveness of the combination on removing TN, NH4-N, NO3--N, and TP is between those of lucky bamboo and iris alone. These results suggest that the combination of the plants has synergistic effect on the removal rates of excess nutrients in water during their ecological restoration. Based on the growth rate of plants and the removal efficiency of all nutrients, ecological floating beds by using plant combinations are recommended, though the removal efficiency of single plant group is higher than that of combina- tion group.