儿茶素类化合物的抗结核活性研究进展

Catechins show potent anti-tuberculosis activity

近年来,耐多药结核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,MDR-TB)的出现及人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)与结核分枝杆菌合并感染日益增多,使结核病的防治面临更加严峻的挑战,人们急需开发新型抗结核药物及天然低毒的辅助治疗药物。绿茶中的儿茶素类化合物具有多种生物活性,对多种疾病有一定的辅助疗效。多项研究显示,儿茶素类化合物也具有抗结核活性,其机制包括抑制二氢叶酸还原酶活性、影响分枝菌酸及细胞壁的合成、下调富含色氨酸天冬氨酸的膜蛋白(tryptophanaspartate containing coat protein,TACO)基因表达以抑制结核分枝杆菌的胞内寄生,降低氧化应激水平,下调结核分枝杆菌85B蛋白和宿主肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)表达,从而改善炎症水平。有研究显示,喝绿茶可降低结核分枝杆菌感染风险,儿茶素类化合物可辅助治疗结核病并与抗结核药物有协同治疗作用,但目前对其作用机制的研究还不够深入,需进一步探讨。

In recent years,the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis（MDR-TB）and the increase of co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）and tuberculosis have led to more severe challenges in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.It is urgent to develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs and natural adjuvant therapy with low toxicity.The catechins in green tea have a variety of biological activities,and have shown a certain adjuvant therapeutic effect on many diseases.Studies have shown that catechins also have anti-tuberculosis activities,and the mechanisms include inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase,affecting mycolic acid and cell wall synthesis,down-regulation of tryptophan-aspartate containing coat protein（TACO）gene expression to inhibit the growth of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis,reducing oxidative stress,down-regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85 Band tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）levels to alleviate the inflammation.It is also proved that drinking green tea can reduce the susceptibility to tuberculosis,and catechins can be an adjuvant therapy of tuberculosis and have a synergistic effect with antituberculosis drugs.However,the anti-tuberculosis mechanisms of catechins are unclear,and more trials are needed to confirm the anti-tuberculosis activity of catechins.