论魏晋文人的“仕”与“隐”

On "Shi" and "Yin" of the Scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties

魏晋知识分子受当时政治环境的影响,常处在个人理想与社会现实、自尊与被驯服要求以及寂寞处境与利益追求的矛盾运动中。面对这种矛盾,他们或因个人能力不足以改变社会风气而焦虑,或因才华不得施展而痛苦。在困厄状态下,为求自我解脱,一部分知识分子归隐山林,成为隐士。但隐士仍注重现实礼法,敢于对不合礼法的社会现象做出反抗。魏晋文人在"仕"与"隐"之间的犹豫与徘徊,有着鲜明的封建时代烙印。

Influenced by the political environment,intellectuals in Wei and Jin dynasties have always been in contradictions,including the contradiction between personal ideal and social reality,self-esteem and obedience,solitary situation and interest pursuit. They are not powerful enough to change the social environment,or to find a chance to work for the country,which makes them in anxiety or in misery. In this distress situation,for the sake of self-liberation,some of them choose to be hermits. Nevertheless,the reclusive intellectuals still pay much attention to the reality of the laws and etiquettes,and keep resisting against the unacceptable social phenomenon. Generally speaking,the hesitation and wandering between ＂Shi （to be an official）＂ and ＂Yin （to be in seclusion）＂ in Wei and Jin dynasties have a distinctive brand of the feudal era.