美国国际广播演进及其阶段性特征

On Evolution of American International Broadcasting and Phase Features

国际广播凭借强大的渗透性、时效性和接近性等特点,成为美国推行公共外交政策的得力工具。二战期间,为对抗法西斯,美国成立了第一个国际广播电台——美国之音。在冷战时期,美国大力发展国际广播事业,以期用"自由""民主"的呼声与社会主义国家打响意识形态之战。苏联解体后,美国国际广播事业经历短暂式微,在"9·11"事件后重新得到重视。在此阶段,它聚焦中东地区,实行反恐怖主义的电波战略。美国国际广播善于采用最新的技术和丰富的资源,在议题设置、国际舆论引导和国际形象塑造方面具有成熟的经验,是美国推行公共外交、与世界沟通的重要媒介。

Due to strong permeability,timeliness and proximity,international broadcasting has become an effective tool for U.S.to carry out the public diplomacy.During World War II,America established the first international broadcasting service—the Voice of America,helping to fight against fascism.During the Cold War,America boosted the development of the international broadcasting,aiming to set ideological battles with socialist countries by advocating the view of"freedom"and "democracy".After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,America's international broadcasting experienced short decline,after"September 11"attacks,America's international broadcasting got attention again and focused on the Middle East,implementing a strategy of anti-terrorism.America's international broadcasting is good at adopting the lastest technology and sufficient resources as well as mature experience in setting up issues,guiding international opinions and shaping the international image,which serves as the important media forU.S.tocarry out the public diplomacy and communicate with the world.