锂离子电池锡基负极材料研究进展

Research progress of tin-based electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

目前,商业上普遍使用石墨作为锂离子电池负极材料,由于其理论比容量较低(372 m Ah·g^(–1)),已经不能够满足锂离子电池的发展需求。研究发现,SnO_2作为负极材料可以和锂离子发生良好的可逆反应,且其可逆容量远高于石墨负极。但SnO_2在充放电过程中会出现颗粒粉化导致电极体积膨胀、裂解,从而影响锂电池的循环性能。通过加入石墨烯对SnO_2进行改性,不仅可以缓解SnO_2在运行过程中的体积膨胀,此外,石墨烯本身大的比表面积及良好的导电性,使得石墨烯/SnO_2材料具有较高的可逆容量及较好的循环稳定性。本文综述了几种不同方法制备石墨烯/SnO_2复合材料,在应用到锂离子电池负极材料时,均表现出良好的电化学性能。

At present, graphite is widely used as a negative electrode material for lithium ion battery. It can not beable to meet the development demand of lithium ion battery because of its low theoretical specific capacity （372mAh·g–1）. It is found that SnO2 as a negative electrode material of lithium ion can be a good reversible reaction, and itsreversible capacity is much higher than that of the graphite anode. But in the charge and discharge process particlepulverization will occur in the SnO2 leading to electrode volume expansion, cracking, and thus affecting the lithiumbattery cycle performance. The addition of graphene to SnO2 can alleviate the volume expansion of SnO2 during theoperation. In addition, the specific surface area and good conductivity of graphene make the graphene/SnO2 material havehigh reversible capacity and better cycle stability. This paper reviews several different methods for the preparation ofgraphene/SnO2 composites, which exhibit good electrochemical performance when applied to the anode materials oflithium ion batteries.