天窗设置理论与优化技术研究综述

Survey of Optimization Theory and Method of Maintenance Window Arrangement in the Train Timetable

天窗是铁路部门为解决列车运行与设施设备维修之间的矛盾而采取的技术措施,对确保铁路行车安全,规范运输秩序起着十分重要的作用。本文在总结和分析天窗设置的复杂技术特征、国内外天窗开设情况以及天窗设置优化研究现状的基础上,分析我国天窗设置研究在评价理论、优化技术等方面的不足,提出以铁路路网为研究对象,构建包含天窗设置机理、天窗评价理论与方法、天窗分段技术以及天窗设置优化模型在内的路网天窗设置优化理论与方法体系,以达到优化列车运行图,释放铁路运输能力,完善我国铁路运输组织理论与方法的研究目标。

The “maintenance window” is a technical approach to balance the tradeoff between rail line utilization and infrastructure maintenance, which plays a crucial role in ensuring safe and orderly rail operation. This paper analyzes the complexity and variety of the “maintenance window” design and optimization in China and across the world. It is concluded that there is a lack of operations research and evaluation method for the “maintenance window” design in China, especially from the network perspective. To better optimize train timetabling and utilize rail capacity in China, the authors believe there is a need of a systematic “maintenance window” design mechanism which comprises of the setting, evaluation, segmentation, and optimization methods of “maintenance window” design.