肠易激综合征磁共振脑影像学应用研究进展

Research progress of functional MRI in irritable bowel syndrome

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)的发病可能与内脏高敏感、肠道动力异常、炎症及精神心理因素等有关,但缺乏可解释症状的形态学和生化的异常,目前对其病因及发病机制仍不十分清楚。近年来,脑肠轴在IBS发病中的作用引起众多学者的普遍关注,成为研究IBS发病机制的切入点。磁共振脑影像学成像能够非侵入地观测活体脑组织微结构及功能的变化,为评估脑肠轴的中枢神经机制提供了新的视角,可较直观地显示IBS患者有关脑区功能活动及神经通路的变化,并且对治疗方式疗效的评价有着重要意义。笔者就近年来磁共振脑影像学成像在IBS诊断及其治疗疗效研究的现状及进展进行综述。

The mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） may be related to such factors as visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal intestinal motility, infammation, psychological factors and so on. However, the symptoms of the disease could explain the lack of morphological changes and biochemical abnormalities. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still unclear. The role of the ＂brain gut axis＂ in the pathogenesis of IBS has attracted wide attention and has become a breakthrough point in the study of IBS pathogenesis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a noninvasive method detecting neural activity, and has the ability to observe the brain tissue microstructure and functional changes in vivo. FMRI provides a new angle of view for evaluating the central mechanism of ＂brain gut axis＂, and also can display the activity of brain and changes in the nerve pathways in IBS patients. In addition, it also has important significance to evaluate the therapeutic effect. This article reviews the present research situation and progress of fMRI in IBS diagnosis and its therapeutic effcacy.