叶面肥对雪菊产量和品质的影响

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

采用叶面喷施的方法,分析了硫酸钾、氯化钙、硫酸镁、硼酸4种叶面肥与雪菊(Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.)产量、品质的关系,通过测定各处理3个不同时间段的产量及总黄酮、绿原酸、总氨基酸、茶多酚、总糖的含量,进行方差分析,综合各个指标筛选出适宜雪菊栽培的叶面肥浓度。结果表明:硫酸钾(3 000 mg/L)、氯化钙(2 000mg/L)、硫酸镁(2 000mg/L)及硼酸(1 000 mg/L)对雪菊进行叶面喷施都能增加产量、提高品质。喷施2 000mg/L氯化钙时,干花产量最高,为843.75kg/hm2,此时雪菊总黄酮含量为14.60%,绿原酸含量为0.54%,总氨基酸含量为11.62%,茶多酚含量为9.99%,总糖含量为22.52%;喷施2 000mg/L硫酸镁时,总黄酮含量最高,为15.74%,绿原酸含量为0.43%,总氨基酸含量为12.77%,茶多酚含量为11.31%,总糖含量为23.27%。喷施叶面肥的雪菊适宜采摘时间为8月初至8月底,此时间段内雪菊的品质较好。

The effects of 4 kinds of foliar fertilizers,such as potassium sulfate,calcium chloride,magnesium sulfate and boric acid,on the yield and quality of Coreopsis tinctoria were analyzed by foliar spraying.Through the determination of the yield in the three different periods and active ingredient contents(total flavonoids,chlorogenic acid,total amino acid,tea polyphenol,total sugar),variance analysis was conducted and the concentration of foliar fertilizer suitable for cultivation of Coreopsis tinctoria was screened by comprehensive indexes.The result showed that appropriate concentration of K(3 000 mg/L),Ca(2 000 mg/L),Mg(2 000 mg/L)and B(1 000 mg/L)could increase Coreopsis tinctoria yield and quality.The study found that spraying 2 000 mg/L calcium chloride,the dried flower output was the highest,up to843.75 kg/hm^2,and total flavonoids content was 14.60%,the content of chlorogenic acid was 0.54%,total amino acid content was 11.62%,the content of tea polyphenol was 9.99% and total sugar content was 22.52%;The application of 2 000 mg/L Mg(magnesium sulfate),the highest content of total flavonoids was 15.74%,the chlorogenic acid content was 0.43%,total amino acid content was 12.77%,the content of tea polyphenol was 1 1.3 1% and the total sugar content was 2 3.2 7%.After spraying foliar fertilizer,the suitable harvesting time was from the beginning of August to the end of August,because this period of time Coreopsis tinctoria had better quality.