基于正交实验的激光表面淬火的工艺研究

Research of 45 Steel Laser Surface Strengthening

采用激光表面淬火工艺对45钢表面进行强化处理,研究工艺改变对材料表面性能的影响。通过正交试验,研究不同工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、光斑直径)对45钢显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:对硬度而言,激光功率为主要因素,光斑直径为次要因素;对层深而言,扫描速度为主要因素,激光功率为次要因素。光斑直径的增加硬化层的深度是不断减少的,淬火硬度随着激光光斑的大小的变化的规律并不明显,激光功率过大,光斑直径过小或者扫描速度太慢时,都将引起材料表面温度升高的太高,进而使得材料表面的硬度降低和硬度分布不均匀。通过试验激光淬火的优化工艺参数,P=1400 W,V=10,D=2.5 mm。在上述优化工艺参数下,材料的平均硬度达到了42HRC,淬硬层深达到了0.62 mm。

By using the laser surface hardening process, the surface of 45 steel was strengthened, and the influence of technological change on the surface properties of the material was studied.This paper studied the influence of microstructure and properties of 45 steel by Orthogonal Test and changing the processing parameters(laser power, scanning rate, spot diameter),the following conclusions are obtained.On the hardness, the laser power is the main factor, the spot diameter is the secondary factor; the depth of the layer is the main factor, the laser power is the main factor.For the depth of the hardened layer, the scanning speed is the main factor, and the laser power is the secondary factor. With the increase of the spot diameter, the depth of the hardened layer is decreasing, and the change of quenching hardness is not obvious. When the laser power is too large, the spot diameter is too small or the scanning speed is too slow, it will cause the material surface temperature rise too high, which makes the material surface hardness and hardness distribution is uneven. Through the experiment, the optimized process parameters of laser quenching is P=1400 W,V=10,, D=2.5 mm. In the optimization of process parameters, the average hardness of the material reached 42 HRC, the hardened layer depth up to 0.62 mm.