农民城市化的动力、类型与策略

The Driving Force,Type and Strategy of Peasant Urbanization

"人的城市化"研究,应当超越单一的城市视角,发现农村,扩展城市化研究的农村视角。随着打工经济的兴起,中西部一般农业型村庄的农户分化为脱离土地阶层、半工半耕阶层和贫弱阶层,与之相伴随的是农民城市化进程的加速。村庄阶层分化的背景下,工作生活需求、婚姻挤压和教育竞争等成为推动农民城市化的动力。农民城市化方式是农民家庭有主体性的策略选择,呈现出主动脱离型、动态调整型、被动跟随型等农民城市化的基本类型。农民主体性的"渐进城市化"模式是建立在"半工半耕"家庭生计模式和保护型城乡二元结构基础之上的。实现"人的城市化"战略目标,应当尊重农民的自主选择,推动农民进城的同时也要保护他们的返乡权。

To discover and expand the rural perspective of urbanization,the study of＂urbanization of human beings＂should go beyond a single urban perspective.With the development of labor economy,the peasant in the Midwest agriculture village are divided into ＂out of the land＂class,＂semi-farming＂class and vulnerable class,and the peasants＇ urbanization process is accelerated.In the background of village class differentiation,the demand for work and life,the squeeze of marriage and the competition of education become the driving forces for peasants＇ urbanization.The mode of farmers＇ urbanization is the strategic choice of the peasants＇ family,showing the basic types of urbanization such as active detachment,dynamic adjustment and passive following type.The＂progressive urbanization＂model of the peasants＇ subjectivity is based on the ＂semi-farming＂family livelihood model and the protected urban-rural dual structure.To achieve the＂human urbanization＂strategic objectives,farmers＇ independent choice should be respected,farmers＇ right to return home should also be protected.