国际网络安全规则创制与政府话语权博弈-技术维度的阐释

The Creation of International Cyber Security Rule and Game of Government Discourse-Interpretation of Technical Dimensions

"网络安全"概念,大体被置入技术、犯罪和恐怖主义、军事三大维度或领域内予以讨论,不同维度下的各个利益相关者的权力分配与话语权博弈情况亦有所差别。网络安全领域规则创制中的话语权力(主导权力)的构成,更多体现为权力不对称分布特点。政府话语权的拓展有赖于技术开发与应用。技术开发应用能力,是网络安全领域中各行为主体话语权力的基石,网络技术强国和网络技术弱国在相应技术标准和协议制定上的话语权差异巨大。在网络安全的技术维度上,各国在相应安全标准或协议制定上的权力大小由两个因素决定:历史和技术。政府话语权力博弈集中体现为国际网络技术标准的创制竞争。然而,技术性权力仅提供给一国扩张话语权的基础,话语权的强固,仍有赖于一国政府的制度性权力和解释性权力的强化,能否将本国开发的技术标准推向全球、使其成为国际通行标准则为关键。从技术维度阐释国际网络安全规则创制中的国家(政府)制度性话语权力博弈,为本文核心所在。

The concept of＂cybersecurity＂ has been generally discussed in three dimensions：technology, crime and terrorism, and military. The distribution of power and discourse among stakeholders varies in different dimensions. At present, the discourse power of all parties are in contension for international rules of cyber security. The discourse power （the leading power） in the ＂cybersecurity＂ appears uneven in its distribution. The government expands its discourse power depending on technological development and application.Technology is the most basic and earliest determinant of ＂cybersecurity＂, while technology development and application are the cornerstone of the discourse power of all actors in the field of network security. The strong power and weak power in the ＂cybersecurity＂ have great differences of discourse power in making relevant security standard or agreement. In the technology of＂cybersecurity＂, the right of making security standard and agreement is determined by two factors： history and technology. The game of the government＇s discourse power is reflected in the competition for making international internet technological standard. However, technology only provides the basis for the expansion of discourse power. The reinforcement of discourse power still depends on the enhancement of institutional power and interpretative power of a government, among which the key is to transform the nationally developed technology standards to international practices.