外泌体源性微小RNA在疾病诊治中的研究现状

Research status of exosome-derived microRNA in diagnosis and treatment

外泌体是由脂质双分子层构成的一种纳米级别的囊泡小体,普遍存在于血浆、尿液、脑脊液等体液中。包裹在外泌体中的微小RNA(miRNA)能够被靶细胞摄取进而如同内源性的miRNA—样通过沉默靶基因而发挥其作用。外泌体可以通过携带miRNA增进器官或细胞间的信息交流,广泛参与血管新生、细胞迁移及通讯等过程。本文就近年来外泌体源性miRNA在心血管系统疾病、中枢神经系统疾病及肿瘤等诊治中的应用做简要综述。

Exosome is a nano - level vesicle composed of lipid bilayer layers. It is prevalent in plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids. The microRNAs（miRNAs）wrapped in the exosomes can be taken up by the target cellsand play their role through silencing target gene as endogenous miRNAs. Exosomes can promote information ex- change between organs or cells by carrying nfiRNA, participating in the process of angiogenesis, cell migration and communication. In this pa- per, the author briefly reviewed the application of exogenous maternal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular system diseases, central nervous system diseases and tumor in the recent years.