反思国际关系史的书写——近代中国国际关系研究中的基准时间

Rethinking Historiography of International Relations: Benchmark Dates in Modern China

基于对国际关系基准时间的"再问题化",作者旨在分析目前西方正统的基准时间是如何被中国学者所接受以及在接受这套话语之前中国学者对国际关系史的理解是否还曾存在或使用其他基准时间。通过对近代中国国际关系史与国际关系理论著作中关于近代国际关系史的开端和转折点的叙述进行分析,作者发现:首先,在民国学人的观念中很少以欧洲三十年战争和《威斯特伐利亚和约》作为近代国际关系的开端,这表明"威斯特伐利亚情结"在中国的国际关系叙述中并非一直存在,而是一个历史建构的过程。其次,近代欧洲出现的一系列重大事件构成了近代中国国际关系研究中多元的国际关系基准时间,反映出近代中国学者所形成的现实主义、理想主义、民族主义和马克思主义等不同的国际政治史观。最后,作者所运用的基准时间视角和史学史方法有助于反思欧洲中心主义的国际关系史书写在近代中国是如何逐渐形成的,并为当代中国国际关系学者建立以中国或非西方为本位的国际关系史叙述带来的有益启发。

This paper is to "re-problematize" the Benchmark Dates in International Relations studies, and to analyze how the current western orthodox benchmark date was accepted by China and whether there existed any other references of time that were accepted and used by Chinese scholars when doing International Relations studies in history. By analyzing the narrations about the beginning of modern international relations and its turning points in the studies on international relations history/theory written by Chinese scholars in the period of the Republic of China( 1911-1949),the author finds the Thirty Years' War( 1618-1648) and the Peace Treaty of Westphalia were hardly regarded as the start point of modern international relations in Chinese scholars' knowledge. The current universally accepted consensus haven't always existed in China but only emerged till 1980 s. The awareness and recognition is a process of historical construction. Secondly,the author finds that a series of events that happened in modern Europe served as Benchmark Dates in Chinese scholars' researches,such as the Spanish Succession War,the French Revolution,the Industrial Revolution,the Vienna Conference,the German Unity,the First World War and the Russian Revolution.However,their different determinations of Benchmark Dates reflect different historical views they hold, such as realism, Marxism, nationalism and idealism. Finally, this paper shows that the Europe-centric and realism in international relations history narration was formed in modern China in a gradual process,and thus the reexamination of Chinese international relation scholars' research will offer possibility for contemporary Chinese scholars to establish a new narrative of international relations history.