蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法提取苦杏仁油的工艺研究

Aqueous extraction technology of bitter almond oil aided by sucrose solution

采用蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法提取苦杏仁油,以改善水剂法工艺中乳化严重的现象,降低苦杏仁油中氢氰酸的含量。在单因素试验的基础上,选取蔗糖溶液浓度、提取温度、液料比这3个对提油率影响显著的因素设计响应面试验并进行优化研究。结果表明:提取温度和蔗糖溶液浓度对提油率影响较大;最优工艺条件为蔗糖溶液浓度0.27 mol/L、提取温度94.5℃、液料比6∶1、提取时间3 h,此条件下苦杏仁提油率可达73.01%;与传统提油工艺相比,蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法提取的苦杏仁油中氢氰酸含量明显降低,为7.74 mg/kg,具有一定优越性;苦杏仁毛油酸值和过氧化值均符合国家质量标准,表明蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法的提油工艺可行,具有一定推广和应用前景。

In order to improve emulsification and reduce the content of hydrocyanic acid （HCN） in bitter almond oil, sucrose solution was used in aqueous extraction of bitter almond oil. Based on single factor experiment, the concentration of sucrose solution, extraction temperature and liquid-solid ratio were selected as key factors affecting the oil extraction rate, and response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process. The results showed that the extraction temperature and concentration of sucrose solution had great influences on the oil extraction rate. The optimal conditions were obtained as follows： concentration of sucrose solution 0.27 mol/L, extraction temperature 94.5？℃, liquid-solid ratio 6∶1 and extraction time 3 h. Under these conditions, the oil extraction rate could reach 73.01%. Compared with traditional extraction process, the content of HCN in the oil extracted by water and aided by sucrose solution decreased significantly, which was 7.74 mg/kg, and it had certain superiority. Acid value and peroxide value of the crude bitter almond oil met the national quality standards, which proved that aqueous extraction technology of bitter almond oil aided by sucrose solution had the prospect of promotion and application.