从倒装与错综看新诗的韵律与句法

On the Rhythm and Syntax of New Poetry from Inversion and Criss-Cross

本文通过分析闻一多和徐志摩新诗作品中倒装和错综的句法形式,结合现代语言学"零度和偏离"理论,得出新诗韵律与句法的关系,即句法是诗的基础,韵律结构通常借助句法来实现。无论诗的外部形式怎样变化,它都在一定范围内变,不能真正超出句法这个基础。由于汉语的特殊性,因此韵律对句法的制约表现突出。句法偏离虽然有正偏离和负偏离,但诗人会努力追求正偏离以此来达到理想的艺术表达效果。同时,在诗的文体中,韵律结构具有主动性,引导句法产生各种变异,为了合乎诗性要求,句法经常让位于韵律规则,形成诗的句法结构和语言成分的偏离搭配,从而展现语言的诗性本质。

Zero and the deviation theory of modern Linguistics is of certain significance in the study of poetic language.Taking the poems of the most famous modern poets Wen Yiduo and Xu Zhimo as examples and analyzing from inversion and criss-cross,this article focuses on the relationship between rhythm and syntax,pointing out restraining effect of the rhythm on syntax and the unique initiative role the rhythm plays in new poetry.