苗族度亡史诗《亚鲁王》文化意蕴的深度阐释

In-Depth Interpretation of Cultural Implication of Miao's Turn Undead Epic “Yax lus”

2009年夏,苗族长篇史诗《亚鲁王》横空出世,引起文化界巨大震动。2011年5月被列入第三批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,同年11月,以"苗族英雄史诗"为题名的汉苗对照版《亚鲁王》(史诗部分)与《亚鲁王》(图版部分)共一涵两册由中华书局正式出版,并于2012年2月在人民大会堂举行了首发式。同时学者们以不同方式、从不同角度展开了研究。不过,由于与其密切相关且具体运用于今天丧葬仪式中具有神秘意蕴的活态图像与图案之内在结构尚未真正系统破译出来,故对史诗本身的性质界定、功能价值、认知模式、逻辑结构等的探讨尚待深入。本文在田野调查的基础上,通过对仪式过程所关图案、图像内在结构的分析阐释,并与中华史前·三代等考古材料互比印证,力图揭示其作为文化代码的真正指谓意义,并由此展示《亚鲁王》作为度亡史诗所蕴含的苗族文化之深刻智慧、宗教哲理、信仰取向等基底性建构,进而阐释其在当代文化中的重要价值。

In the summer of 2009, a long epic of Miao people, ＂Yax lus＂, was born, which caused a tremendous cultural shock. In May 2011, it was listed in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. In November of the same year, one book containing two volumes was published by the Zhonghua Book Company, taking ＂Miao Heroes Epic＂ as the title of ＂Yax lus＂ （Epic Part） and ＂Yax lus＂ （plate part） in Chinese and Miao edition. This book held the first issue cer- emony in the Great Hall of the people in February 2012. At the same time, the scholars have studied in different ways and from different angles. However, due to the living images that are closely related to mysterious rituals in today＇ s funeral cer- emony, the intrinsic structure of patterns has not yet been systematically deciphered, so the discussion about the nature def- inition of the epic itself, function value, cognitive model, logical structure etcetera still need to be further done. On the ba- sis of field investigation, this paper compares it with archaeological materials such as the Chinese prehistory - three genera- tion through the analysis and interpretation of the patterns in ritual process and the inner structure of images. This paper tries to reveal its true meaning as cultural code, to show the profound wisdom, religious belief, and philosophy orientation base construction in Miao culture of ＂Yax lus＂ as the turn undead epic contains, and to then explain its important value in contemporary cuhural context.