日本对茶关联遗产的整合及其未来走向

Integration and Future Trend of Tea Related Heritage in Japan

在中国茶文化的保护、研究与建设中,对于日本的研究是绕不开的课题。本文对日本国家层面以上的茶关联遗产做了系统梳理,项目数量虽然不大,但是类别分布却比较广,对于申遗的思考与实践有条不紊。在近一个世纪里,早期的项目针对自然、民俗的特征比较明显,保护性很强,而后期的项目在联合国教科文组织价值观的主导下,更加注重项目的社会经济意义,与观光立国的国策相呼应,作为文化遗产在理论与现实上有悖论的特征。在调整保护与开发的关系时,日本另外建立了日本遗产的独特类目,以追求文化、经济等的整体最大效益。就日本的申遗体制而言,日本遗产成为遗产从日本走向世界的重要通道,发展地方经济的目的将更加直接地左右项目的选择。

In the protection, research and construction of Chinese tea culture, the research on Japan is a very important subject. In this paper, the system of tea inheritance has been systematically sorted out at the national level of Japan, and the number of projects is not large, but the distribution of the categories is rela- tively wide. In the past century, early projects have been marked by natural and folkloric, and they are very protective. The later projects, it pays more attention to the social and economic significance under the auspices of UNESCO＇s values, and accord with the national policy of sightseeing. Cultural heritage has a paradox in theory and reality. In adjusting the relationship between protection and development, Japan also established a unique category of Japanese heritage to pursue the overall benefits of culture, economy and so on. As far as the Japanese system, the Japanese heritage becomes an important channel for the heritage from Japan to the world, and the purpose of the developing local economy will be more directly to the choice of projects.