农村户用沼气的有效性及影响机制——关中地区调研数据的实证分析

Effectiveness of rural household biogas and its influencing mechanism: evidence from Guanzhong area survey

深入研究农村户用沼气的有效性,评价国债项目对沼气池建设的投资效果,对于新时期科学制定和调整农村能源政策有重要意义。文中利用关中地区户县、周至县、武功县和兴平市的调查数据,从建池率、使用率、使用认知和期望等方面评价户用沼气的有效性,分析影响因素与机制。结果表明:调查地区户用沼气的建池率较高(37.14%),使用率较低(42.58%),在用沼气池产气不足影响其使用效果,整体有效性较低。农户对沼气的节能减排和环境保护作用普遍认可,对发展前景认识不一,预判较低。沼气的有效性是宏观政策和社会环境、示范推广和服务媒介、微观农户行为多项耦合综合作用的结果,受政府政策、社会环境、维护管理、农户特征、认识和意愿、沼气属性等多种因素共同影响,地方"重建轻管"、快速城市化背景下社会环境与农户认知变化影响尤为强烈。使用有效性与家庭常住人口规模、耕地面积和果蔬林种植面积正相关,与家庭收入呈负相关。

To deeply investigate effectiveness of household biogas and evaluate the effect of state investment have significant value for formulating and adjusting rural energy policy scientifically.Based on the data of field survey of Guanzhong area,we evaluated the effectiveness of biogas from construction rate,utilization rate,cognition and expectation for using,and explored the factors and forming mechanism that affect the effectiveness of biogas.The results showed that the rate of household biogas construction in survey areas was 37.14%,but the utilization rate was only 42.58%.Poor gas production of biogas digesters lead to the low effectiveness of household biogas.Farmers had higher recognition of biogas’ energy saving and environmental protection,but had a pessimistic attitude towards its development.The social environment and policy implications at the macro level,demonstration and media’s role of the service,and behavior of individual at the micro level comprehensively drove the effectiveness of household biogas,which was affected by a variety of factors,including national policy,social environment,maintenance management,characteristics of household,usage intention and biogas attributes,especially the governments’ performance of more efforts on construction but less on management,and the change of farmers’ cognition under the rapid urbanization strongly.Utilization of biogas had a positive correlation with the resident population,cultivated area and cash crop planting area,and a negative correlation with household incomes.