全膜垄作栽培对旱作马铃薯产量及土壤水热和酶活性的影响

Effects of whole plastic filmmulching ridging cropping patterns on soil thermal-moisture status,soil enzyme activity and yield of rain fed potato

为了明确全膜垄作对黄土高原旱作马铃薯土壤保水改土效果及产量形成的影响,以"克新1号"为供试材料,研究全膜双垄垄上播(A1)、全膜单垄垄上播(A2)、全膜单垄垄上微沟播(A3)和露地平作(CK)对马铃薯生长、产量、土壤含水量、温度及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:全膜垄作可明显地提高马铃薯株高、茎粗、冠幅和叶片叶绿素SPAD值;显著地影响了全生育时期0~40cm土层土壤含水量、0~30cm土层土壤温度、0~60cm土层的土壤蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性;显著地增加马铃薯产量,降低马铃薯青薯率和烂薯率;同时,全膜垄作处理中以全膜单垄垄上微沟播表现最好,可作为内蒙古黄土高原旱作区节水高产栽培模式。

In order to understand the effect of film mulching and ridge culture on soil water conservation,soil improvement and potato yield formation in dryland region of the Loess Plateau,＂ Kexin 1＂ was selected as the material in this experiment,four planting treatments,whole plastic film mulching with double ridge planting（A1）,whole plastic film mulching with single ridge planting（A2）,whole plastic film mulching with single ridge micro furrow planting（A3） and traditional planting（CK） were designed to analyze how potato growth,soil water content,soil temperature,soil enzyme activity and yield were affected by tillage methods.The results showed that plant height,crown width,stem diameter and leaf SPAD were improved by the whole film ridge.Soil moisture content in 0 ~ 40 cm layer,and soil temperature in 0 ~ 30 cm layer of the whole film ridge treatments were significantly increased.Soil invertase activity,soil urease activity in 0 ~ 60 cm layer of the whole film ridge treatments were significantly increased.Compared with the traditional planting treatment,the full film ridge not only improved the potato tuber yield,but also decreased the blet tuber rate and green tuber rate.At the same time,the whole film single ridge micro channel broadcast（A3） treatment was better than the other treatments,which could be chosen as a water saving cultivation practice in dryland region of the loess plateau in Inner Mongolia.