“换导师”为何不容易——一项基于个案教师访谈的批判话语分析

Why Is It Difficult to Change Supervisor in China?:A Critical Discourse Analysis of A Professor's Interview

"换导师"并非中国大学特有之事务,但其在中国的遭遇却具有本土特征。小小事件所反映出的中国大学改革与发展中的问题,直指制度与人心,不得不令人深思。以个案教师对"换导师为何不容易"的访谈文本作为原始材料,展开批判话语分析,力图揭示整个文本的解释性主体,并在此基础上进行细致的语词意义分析,最后呈现出不同话语之间的权力结构。经分析发现,受访者之所以认为换导师在中国是一个"事件",乃是因为其认为,是否有学生关乎着"身份",而身份是十分重要的。受访者在访谈中使用的"身份"概念具有三种意涵,而其中大多数情况皆指社会声望之意。这种身份情结和关系思维所属的传统文化话语占据了这一访谈文本之话语秩序的顶端,从某种意义上而言,它也助力了现行的大学管理话语,二者一同挤压着人才培养话语的空间,使教师空留一份"得天下英才而育之"的念想。

Supervisor changing is not a special affair that just happens in Chinese university, but the situation it faces in Chinese context shows our own characteristics. This ＂little accident＂ reflects the problems in the Chinese university reform and development, pointing to the institution and culture, which deserves deep thought. The article used the method of critical discourse analysis and analyzed the interview script of ＂why is it difficult to change supervisor in China？＂, aiming at revealing the explanative subject of the whole script. Based on this, the author then conducted a deep text analysis, and finally presented the structure of different discourses. According to the analysis, the reason why the professor viewed supervisor changing as an ＂accident＂ in China was that she considered whether a professor had his/her own student or not was a symbol of status and status is very important to them. The ＂status＂ referred by the interviewee has three meanings and in most cases it referred to social status. This kind of traditional cul- tural discourse focusing on the status and relationship lies at the top of the discourse structure. In a certain sense, it is the traditional cultural discourse that facilitates the higher education management discourse. These two discourses squeeze the space of talent cultivating discourse, which makes the professors can only consider ＂recruiting and teaching the talented students all over the world＂ as a dream that can hardly come true.