死亡权利的演进与正当化法理--以韩国“延命治疗中断”理论和判例为基点

The Evolution and Legitimation of Death Right——Focusing on the Case of "Life-sustaining Treatment Breaking off" and Its Theory in South Korea

死亡权利是在特殊情况下自然人对死亡的自我决定权,通常以"安乐死""尊严死"或者"延命治疗中断"等各种不同的概念来描述。随着医学技术的迅速发展、高龄化社会的来临、幸福人生的追求,人们越来越关注死亡权利和临终关怀等方面的问题。虽然死亡权利早已成为社会发展中的重要课题,但是我国的相关观念和意识及在理论研究、国家立法、司法实践等方面,仍存在较大空白和面临困境。对此,韩国从理论上已完成了从"安乐死"到"尊严死"再到"延命治疗中断"的演进,而且已形成了较成熟的司法判例,在此基础上已实现立法突破,即颁布实施了《延命医疗决定法》。我国的相关理论、立法及司法实践,有必要具体借鉴韩国相关的理论动态、司法判例的法理倾向及立法的最新动向。

The death right is the self-determination right of death under special circumstances, and it is usually described in terms of the various concepts such as ＂euthanasia＂, ＂dignity death＂ or＂life-sustaining Treatment breaking off＂. With the rapid development of medical technology, the coming of aging society, the pursuit of happiness in life, people are paying more and more attention to death right and hospice.Although death right has been an important project in the social development, there still exists a large gap and plight in China in the aspects such as its idea and concept,its theoretical research, national legislation and judicial practice and so on.And in South Korea, the evolution from ＂euthanasia＂ to ＂dignity death＂ to ＂life-sustaining treatment breaking off＂ has been completed,a relatively mature judicial precedent has been formed, and on this basis a breakthrough in legislation has been achieved, namely the enact of The Law of Life-sustaining Treatment.Therefore, in China, it is necessary to draw lessons from theoretical trends of ＂life-sustaining treatment＂, legal tendency of relevant judicial precedents,and the latest trend in legislation in South Korea,so as to provide beneficial reference for related theory, legislation and judicial practice in the future,