家庭资本、代际传承与教育选择——以一个乡村教师世家“考中师”为考察中心

On Family Capital,Intergenerational Inheritance and Education Selection——A Case Study of A Village Teacher's Family Choosing Secondary Normal Education

本研究以H省一个乡村教师世家为考察中心,以1962-1997年为时限,考察家庭资本、代际传承对其子弟"考中师"教育选择的影响。结果发现:在职业身份得到制度保障背景下,乡村教师家庭对子代教育选择有明显偏好;父辈或家庭决策者对学子教育选择的职业后果是清晰、理性的;学子大多清楚教育选择后果,往往通过所处社会场域确定自身位置;乡村教师家庭资本很大程度上会转换为下一代的教育机会,代际传承较为明显。本研究的个案表明,个体的理想、自我实现与其原生态家庭资本所提供的选择空间、社会位置显著相关,不仅受到国家制度的约束,而且还受到家族文化、习俗的指引,代际流动表现出更强的传承性。

This study,taking a village teacher＇s family in H province as the research center from 1962 to 1997,will analyze the influence of family capital and intergenerational inheritance on their children＇s choice of secondary normal education. The results showed that： under the background of professional identity which was guaranteed by the system：（1） Rural teachers＇ families have an obvious preference on the educational choice of their next generation;（2） For parents or family decision makers,they have a clear and rational awareness of the implication of their students＇ educational selection;（3）For most students,they are also aware of the implications of their educational selection,and they often identify their position by the social field they are in;（4） The family capital of rural teachers will be converted to the educational opportunities of the next generation to a large extent,during which intergenerational inheritance is very obvious. The case in this study shows that there is a significant relevance between the individual＇s ideal,self-realization and the selection scope offered by the original family capital and the original family＇s social position. In a word,self-realization is not only constrained by the national system,but also guided by the family culture and the custom. In this sense,the intergenerational mobility shows a strong inheritance.