量子计算原理及研究进展

The principle and development of quantum computation

量子计算机是量子力学与计算问题相结合的产物,是近几年的研究热点,引起了广泛的社会关注。本文回顾量子计算机的发展,介绍了量子算法和量子计算模型,并以离子阱和超导线路为例阐述了量子计算机的物理实现,然后介绍了为了克服消相干而发展出的量子编码,以玻色取样为例讨论了量子霸权。展望未来,近期内可以展示量子霸权,进而实现解决特定问题的量子模拟器,但是普适的量子计算机的研制仍然需要很长的时间。

Quantum computer is the combination of quantum mechanics and computing problem. It is a hot research topic of recent years and receives much attention from the society. In this paper we briefly review the principle and development of quantum computer. First, we introduce quantum algorithms and computing models, and explain physical implementation of quantum computer by taking ion trap and superconducting circuit as examples. Then we introduce quantum codes used to overcome decoherence. We also discuss quantum supremacy with Boson sampling as example. As we look into the future of quantum computers, we think quantum supremacy may be demonstrated in a few years and then quantum simulators to solve special problems. As for universal quantum computer, however, it may still need a long time.