我国大学生的能力水平与高等教育增值——基于“2016全国本科生能力测评”的分析

The Level of Students' Capacities and Higher Education Value-Added in China——Based on the “2016 National Assessment of Collegiate Capacity”

本项目于2016年12月对16省83所高校的1.6万名本科生进行了批判性思维能力、创造力、人际交往能力、问题解决能力的水平测量。结果显示:(1)我国大学生能力水平随院校群体的学术声望而变化,且工科生的创造力和问题解决能力较强。(2)我国高等教育对本科生的能力水平产生了增值效应但其效应量有限;分组后的院校群体的学术声望越高,并不会对其学生能力增值产生的效应越大。(3)高校对文科生的批判性思维和人际交往能力、对理科生的创造力和问题解决能力的增值效应最大。

With the sampling of 16,000 students across 83 higher education institutions （HEIs） in sixteen provinces in China in December 2016, it measured four general capacities, namely critical thinking, creativity, interpersonal communication and problem-solving. It found that, these general capacities were changing along with institution＇s reputation after grouping and engineering students took on strong capacities in creativity and problem-sol- ving. Chinese higher education exerted certain value-added effect on undergraduates＇ capaci- ties, though the effect size was limited. After grouping, institution＇s better reputation didn＇ t guarantee the enhancement of its effect on students＇ value-added among capacities. Comparatively, HEIs exerted the largest value-added effect on students of liberal arts as to critical thinking and interpersonal communication capacities, and the largest value-added effect on students of sciences as to creativity and problem solving capacities.