福柯权力视阈下的《微微世界的继承人》

A Study on Heir to the Glimmering World from Foucault's Conception of Power

法国哲学家福柯在其"微观权力理论"中,将权力从单纯的政治领域扩展到社会生活的诸多微观领域。他认为权力是一张无处不在、复杂的网络,是一张多元的力量关系图,是处于不断变化和转移中的,涵盖了社会的每个场面,融合了话语、知识、空间、身体、性等多个概念。美国犹太作家辛西娅·奥齐克的长篇小说《微微世界的继承人》中,主人公密特维舍教授在不同关系中的权力地位(主仆关系中的规训权力、夫妻关系中的知识权力以及朋友关系中,詹姆斯替代他的话语权力),让他经历了从传统家庭的"掌权人"、犹太价值社会的"发声者"到物质社会的"失语者"的尴尬流转。加之,最终家庭权力关系的变化,新一代掌权人的登场,向读者精妙地演绎了一场复杂社会一角的微观权力之战。

French philosopher Foucauh, in his ＂Micro power theory＂, expanded power from simple political domain to many micro fields of social life. He believes that power is a ubiquitous and complex network and a di- verse diagram of force, changing and transferring constantly, which covers every scene of the society, and includes such concepts as discourse, knowledge, space, body, sex, etc. In the novel Heir to the Glimmering World of A- merican Jewish writer Cynthia Ozick, the protagonist Professor Mitwisser＇ s power in different relationships （ the dis- ciplinary power in the relationship between master and servant, the knowledge power in the relationship between husband and wife, and the lost discourse power in the relationship between James and him） , makes his role change from the ＂authority＂ of the traditional family, the ＂big voice＂ in the Jewish society to the ＂dumb＂ of the material society. In addition, the later change of the family＇ s power relations and the appearance of the new power have subtly displayed a battle of micro power in the complex society to readers.