社会仪式与城市中心的确认——以清代苏州玄妙观“万寿庆典”为中心的考察

The Establishment of Social Ceremony and City Center:An Investhgation Focused on Xuanmiao Guan's Celebration for Emperor or Empress Dowager's of Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty

"万寿庆典"是清代苏州社会一项重要的政治活动,显示了地方宗族利用社会资源的方式。原本彰显"王权"的庆典仪式在举办过程中逐渐融入了多种社会诉求,如政治和社会话语权的谋求。苏州玄妙观是举办该仪式的重要场所,与庆典活动相伴生的是地方家族以之为中心出现了大规模的迁徙,并利用帝王南巡等各种机会掀起活动的高潮。从光绪年间开始,苏州"万寿庆典"的商业色彩不断加强。庆典活动承载的政治、经济因素使得玄妙观逐渐成为苏州城市的中心。

＂Celebration for Emperor or Empress Dowager＇s Birthday＂ represents an important political program of Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty, which demonstrates how regional clans made use of social resources. Many kinds of social appeal, such as the request for discourse, have been integrated into the celebrations, which were originally political and social held to manifest the ＂imperial power＂. Xuanmiao Guan （Temple of Mystery） in Suzhou used to be a place of weight for holding such ceremonies.Regional clans also relocated to where centered around Xuanmiao Guan. They took advantage of all opportunities, including the ＂Emperor＇s Visit to the South＂, leading the movement to an all-time high. The commercial connotation embedded in the ＂Celebration for Emperor or Empress Dowager＇s Birthday＂ in Suzhou has been in constant reinforcement since Emperor Guangxu carried by celebrations made Xuanmiao （1871~1908）. The political and economic implication Guan gradually become the center of Suzhou.