俄国农奴制改革后农民副业发展管窥

Analysis of Agricultural Sidelines after Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia

1 861年俄国农奴制改革后,农民面临农业用地不足不沃、税高赋重的困境。为减轻经济压力,农民着力发展畜牧业、手工业等副业。手工业与市场联系紧密,农闲时本地及外地务工人员的流动加速了农民的社会分层。畜牧业与农业直接相关,同时呈现出商品化特性。农奴制改革后,农业资本主义的发展缓慢而迟滞,但畜牧业和手工业的发展在一定程度上补充了农业资本主义,在俄国传统社会的现代性转向中发挥了重要作用。

After Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia, peasants were facing with lack and unfertile of agricultural land and higher taxes. They undertook graziery and handicraft for the sake of economic pressure. Handicraft has a strong bond with market, local and foreign workers accelerated the social stratification of peasants. Graziery was directly related to agriculture with the commercialization of characteristics. In the case of agrarian capitalism developed slowly, the growth of graziery and handicraft promoted the development of agrarian capitalism, which played an important role in a traditional society to modem society transition in Russia.