辽宁典型城市道路扬尘PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子组分特征及来源解析

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Water-soluble Inorganic Ions in Road Dust PM_(2.5)in Selected Cities in Liaoning Province

为了解辽宁省典型城市道路扬尘PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子组分特征及其来源,分别于2014年和2016年采集了鞍山市和盘锦市道路扬尘样品,利用再悬浮采样器将其悬浮到滤膜上,用离子色谱仪分析了其中的水溶性无机离子组分,分别用相关分析法和比值法分析了其污染特征,用主成分法初步解析了其主要污染源.结果表明,盘锦市和鞍山市8种水溶性无机离子分别占道路扬尘PM_(2.5)的5.83%±3.34%和5.84%±1.15%.盘锦市NH_4^+与SO_4^(2-)和NO_3^-的结合方式主要为(NH_4)2SO_4和NH_4NO_3,鞍山市NH_4^+与SO_4^(2-)和NO_3^-的主要结合方式为NH_4HSO_4和NH_4NO_3.盘锦市和鞍山市道路扬尘PM_(2.5)中NO_3^-/SO_4^(2-)的均值分别为0.52±0.55和0.46±0.13,表明固定源(燃煤)对其道路扬尘PM_(2.5)的影响较显著.盘锦市道路扬尘PM_(2.5)主要来源于生物质燃烧源、海盐粒子、建筑水泥尘和机动车尾气;鞍山市道路扬尘PM_(2.5)主要来源于燃煤源、生物质燃烧源、海盐粒子和钢铁冶炼尘.

In order to collect comprehensive information on the characteristics and sources of water-soluble inorganic ions in road dust （RD） PM2. 5 in Liaoning Province, samples of road dust were collected in 2014 and 2016 in Anshan and Panjin and then re-suspended on filters using an NK-ZXF sampler. The concentrations of the major water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. A correlation analysis, ratios, and a principal component analysis were used to analyze the sources of RD. The results showed that the total water-soluble inorganic ions in Panjin and Anshan accounted for 5. 83% ± 3. 34% and 5. 84% ± 1. 15% in RD PM2. 5 , respectively. NH ＋4 , SO2 -4 , and NO -3 in RD PM2. 5 coexisted in the forms of （ NH4 ） 2 SO4 , and NH4 NO3 in Panjin, and NH4 HSO4 and NH4 NO3 in Anshan. The average values of NO -3 / SO2 -4 were 0. 52 ± 0. 55 and 0. 46 ± 0. 13 for Panjin and Anshan, respectively, indicating that the effects of stationary sources （ e. g. , coal combustion） on PM2. 5 were more significant. The main sources of RD PM2. 5 in Panjin were biomass burning, sea salt particles, construction dust, and mobile sources, while the main sources of RD PM2. 5 in Anshan were coal combustion, biomass burning, sea salt particles, and steel smelting dust.