“一带一路”建设与公司准据法的确定

The Construction of the Belt and Road and the Ascertainment of the Applicable Law of the Corporation

公司准据法确定的根本思路在于,将公司内部事务主义作为其基本规范立场以实现公司自治和投资自由化,通过非结论式正面清单合理界定内部事务主义的规范范围,同时在特定的条件下保留对内部事务主义的规范例外,形成对公司自治的限制和维护投资安全和利益。《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》相关规定的设计和表达未能完整体现这一思路,当文本表现出规范立场的摇摆不定和规范范围的模糊不清时,司法实践呈现出的就是裁判的乱象丛生。这也难以为"一带一路"建设提供公正高效权威的法律保障。解决上述问题的具体路径是,提炼公司准据法规范范围中所列举事项的内在关联性和分类标准,将现有的客观标准主观化,合理设定公司准据法的规范范围;在坚持将内部事务主义作为公司准据法确定的基本规范立场的同时,为防止法律的滥用和应对虚假外国公司,应明确针对内部事务主义的适用作出旨在保护第三方利益或者社会公共利益的限制性规定。

In pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, the underlying idea of applicable law of the corporation should be establishing the dominance of the internal affairs doctrine to achieve the autonomy of the corporation and liberalization of investment, setting a limit to the rational scope of the doctrine through the non-conclusion of a positive list, while maintaining the exception of the doctrine in the specific areas. The latter two forms the restriction on corporate autonomy and maintenance of investment safety and benefits. The design and expression of the relevant provisions of the Law on the Application of Law on Foreign-related Civil Relations of the People＇s Republic of China do not fully reflect this idea. When the text shows the vacillation of the normative position and the ambiguity of the normative scope, the response in judicial practice is the chaos in judgment. The general idea of solving the above-mentioned problems is to refine the inherent relevance and classification criteria of the items listed in the scope of applicable law of the corporation, subjectify the existing objective criteria, and set the reasonable scope of the applicable law of the corporation. In order to prevent the abuse of law and to deal with pseudo foreign corporations, we have made clear restrictions on the application of internal affairs doctrine to protect the interests of third parties while insisting on the internal affairs doctrine as the basic norm of the applicable law of the corporation.