大学生志愿服务认知、态度与行为的分布及关联研究

A study on the distributions and association of cognition,attitude and behavior in undergraduates voluntary service

目的了解大学生对志愿服务的认知和态度及其志愿服务行为的分布情况,并分析志愿服务行为与认知、态度之间的关联。方法以天津市普通高等院校在校大学生为目标人群,采用多阶段随机整群方法选取研究对象,编制《大学生志愿服务认知、态度、行为调查问卷》开展现状调查。数据采用SPSS 21.0进行统计描述与分析。结果共发放调查问卷4 500份,回收有效问卷4 156份。被调查者中非志愿者1 628人(39.2%),志愿者2 528人(60.8%),即志愿服务参与率为60.8%,男生参与率为58.2%,女生为62.1%;志愿者对志愿服务的认知和态度均与非志愿者有显著性差异(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,与参加志愿服务有正相关的变量是高年级学生、家庭人均月收入≥5 000元、有就业压力、校外兼职经历、对志愿服务概念比较了解、对志愿服务性质非常同意、听说过"中国青年志愿者协会"及其活动、对志愿者注册流程不太/一般了解、对学校志愿服务活动了解、认为参加志愿服务非常有必要、希望学校开设志愿服务选修课、认为志愿活动对生活和学习有积极影响;而本科专业为人文社科类、课业负担压力大与参加志愿服务呈负相关。结论影响大学生参与志愿服务行为的因素多而复杂,要提高大学生志愿服务参与率,弘扬志愿服务精神,应是个人、学校和社会的共同责任。

Objective To investigate the features of the distributions for cognition,attitude and behavior of volunteer service among undergraduates, and to examine the association of relative factors. Methods A sample of undergraduates in Tianjin was recruited by multi-stage cluster sampling strategy. A self-compiled questionnaire was designed to collect their information. Statistical description and data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 statistical software package. Results A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 156 effective questionnaires were received. 2 528 undergraduates were reported as volunteers, the others were non-volunteers. The participation rate was 60.8%（58.2% in males vs 62.1% in females）,the level of cognition and attitude on volunteer service in volunteers were significantly higher than non-volunteers（P0.001）. Volunteer services were positively related to 12 variables which were high-grade,average personal monthly household income more than 5 000 RMB,employment stress,part-time job experiences,knowing the concept of voluntary service well,very agreeing with the nature of the volunteer service,heard of the ＂China youth volunteers association＂ and its activities,not/general familiar with the registration process of volunteers,familiar with school volunteer service activities,very necessary to take part in voluntary services, wishing to be offered with elective courses for volunteer service,thinking that voluntary activitiveshad a positive impact on life and learning;while humanities social sciences and heavy course burden were negatively related to volunteer services. Conclusion The behavior of undergraduates volunteer service are influenced by various factors. The common responsibilities should be taken by undergraduates,universities and society to improve the participation rate of undergraduates volunteer service and promote the spirit of volunteerism.