井栏说与辘轳架说毫无根据——李白《静夜思》误读辩正之二

The Well Fence and Windlass Device Are Just Groundless: A Correction in Li Bai's Poem "Nightly Thoughts"

自20世纪80年代始,对李白《静夜思》中的"床"字究竟为何物的讨论中,出现一种新见解:井栏说,也有人认为是辘轳架。前者的立论依据是辞书对床的义释,后者是取《名义考》的说法。其实这两种说法在诗中都找不到任何依据。辞书和《名义考》的训释也是不对的。井栏一词首先是晋人司马彪把"井幹"误解为"井栏",接着唐人颜师古又把"井幹"附会为"银床",《名义考》则认为"井幹"应是辘轳架,最后《康熙字典》又把"银床"简化为"床",于是银床、井床、井幹、井栏就变成一物四名的同义词,进而为床本义添加一个新义。其实银床(即井床)与井幹、井栏所指是三个完全不同的东西,井幹是立木交架构成的架子,用来支撑汲水的工具;栏是遮蔽物,是由立木排列构成的栅栏,用以防人防畜的;井床则是井口依托物,是建井口形成的井台和井圈,用以固定井口和防污水污物进入的。

Argumentation about what the bed is in Li Bai＇s poem ＂Nightly Thoughts＂ has started sincethe early 1980s, and two major views are given in accordance with dictionaries and archaeological recon原structions, i.e., the well fence and windlass device. However, this paper argues that the two views aregroundless, and holds that the bed refers to the suppliers fixed around the opening of the well to preventpollutants from flowing back inside, although former researchers have varied assumptions. This paper furtherdefines and accounts for the functions of the well fence and windlass device.