1958年河北“除四害、讲卫生”运动述评

A Review of "Eliminating the Four Pests and Paying Attention to Hygiene" Campaign in Hebei in 1958

"除四害"这一概念首次正式出现在1955年12月毛泽东起草的《征询对农业十七条的意见》中。随后,《1956年到1967年全国农业发展纲要(草案)》出台,"除四害"运动渐次展开。1958年2月《关于除四害、讲卫生的指示》下达后,河北省响应号召,"除四害"运动在全省范围内迅速开展,并落实到每一个基层单位。运动成效显著,形成一系列宝贵经验,在防控传染病的流行、降低传染病的发病率、增强人民体质、提高民众讲卫生的思想意识、改善环境卫生等方面取得很大成绩。同时,在响应"跃进"过程中出现了一些偏差,生态平衡也遭到破坏。

The concept of ＂Eliminating the four pests＂ first formally appeared in Mao＇s draft ＂Consultation on 17 Articles of Agriculture＂ in December, 1955. Subsquently, ＂Outline of the National AgriculturalDevelopment from 1956 to 1967（Draft）＂ was introduced, and ＂eliminating the four pests＂ campaign gradually started. Acting upon the＂ Instructions of Eliminating the Four Pests and Paying Attention to Hygiene＂issued in February 1958, Hebei Province immediately launched the campaign within the province and madesure that the campaign was implemented by each grass-roots unit. The campaign made great achievementsin the preventing epidemic, reducing the incidence of infectious diseases, enhancing people＇s physique, andimproving people＇s awareness of health and environmental health. Meanwhile, some deviations appeared inresponse to ＂leap forward＂, and ecological balance was destroyed as well.