库布其沙漠8种防护林的土壤水分特征

Soil moisture characteristics of eight types of shelter forest in the Kubuqi desert

通过野外取样,对库布其沙漠七星湖旅游专线两侧8种防护林0-100cm土层深度的土壤水分进行测定,分析了不同防护林不同土层的土壤水分变化特征及变异系数,旨在了解和掌握库布其防护林的土壤水分特征及变异规律。结果表明,0-20、20-40、40-60、60-80和80-100cm 5个土层的土壤水分随着土层深度增加逐渐增加;5个土层的土壤水分变异系数分别为0.70、0.94、0.92、0.94和0.90,土壤水分的变异系数随着土层深度增加逐渐增大。8种防护林的土壤水分从高到低依次为旱柳(Salix matsudana)+小美旱杨(Populus popular's)混交林(9.31%)>旱柳纯林(8.93%)>沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)+沙柳(Salix psammophila)混交林(5.69%)>沙枣纯林(3.31%)>速生杨(Populus spp.)纯林(2.12%)>速生杨+羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)混交林(1.90%)>柠条(Caragana korshinskii)纯林(1.60%)>羊柴纯林(1.02%);8种防护林的土壤水分变异系数为:柠条纯林(0.08)为弱变异,羊柴纯林(0.11)、速生杨纯林(0.11)、速生杨+羊柴(0.36)混交林和沙枣+沙柳混交林(0.39)为低等变异,旱柳纯林(0.64)、旱柳+小美旱杨混交林(0.67)和沙枣纯林(0.79)为中等变异。旱柳纯林、旱柳+小美旱杨混交林和沙枣+沙柳混交林是比较好的防护林配置,沙枣纯林和柠条纯林次之,羊柴纯林、速生杨纯林和羊柴+速生杨混交林3种防护林属于不理想的防护林配置。

In this paper,we analyzed the variation characteristics and variable coefficient of soil moisture among eight kinds of travel highway shelter forest at Qixinghu Lakes in the Kubuqi desert by field investigation,to study the soil moisture characteristics and soil moisture variability of shelter forest in the Kubuqi area.The results showed that the soil moisture,measured in five soil layers（0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,80-100 cm depth）,gradually increased with soil depth.The soil moisture coefficients of variation were 0.70,0.94,0.92,0.94,and 0.90,respectively,and increased gradually with soil depth.From big to small,the soil moisture in the eight types of shelter forest were,respectively：Salix matsudana＋Populus popular’s（9.31%）,S.matsudana（8.93%）,Elaeagnus angustifolia＋S.psammophila（5.69%）,E.angustifolia（3.31%）,Populus spp.（2.12%）,Populus spp.＋ Hedysarum laeve（1.90%）,Caragana korshinskii（1.60%）,and H.laeve（1.02%）.According to the soil moisture coefficients of variation,the eight kinds shelter forest were divided into three groups：Caragana korshinskii（0.08）was weak variation;H.laeve（0.11）,Populus spp.（0.11）,Populus spp.＋ H.laeve（0.36）,and E.angustifolia＋S.psammophila（0.39）were low variation;S.matsudana（0.64）,S.matsudana＋P.popular’s（0.67）,and E.angustifolia（0.79）were medium variation.We find that S.matsudana＋P.popular’s,S.matsudana,and E.angustifolia＋S.psammophila were the most suitable choices to conserve soil water.E.angustifoli and C.korshinskii were the next.H.leave,Populus spp.and H.laeve＋Populus spp.were not satisfactory choice.