4种太湖水产品体内重金属富集特征及食用安全性评价

Accumulation Characteristics and Safety Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Four Kinds of Aquatic Products from Lake Taihu

为研究太湖水产品重金属污染现状和食用安全性,采用原子吸收分光光度法对人工饲养和野生放养的4种太湖水产品的头部、肌肉和内脏中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn 4种重金属的含量进行测定。结果表明:同种重金属在4种水产品体内不同部位中的分布不同,除野生鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)外,4种重金属在头部和内脏含量较高,在肌肉中含量较低;不同水产品同一部位重金属含量由高到低大致趋势为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd。此外,人工饲养和野生放养太湖水产品肌肉组织重金属污染程度不同,野生放养水产品的肌肉组织污染程度较高;同种重金属在不同种类水产品肌肉组织中含量存在差异,其中人工饲养和野生放养条件下刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)对Cu的富集能力最强,野生放养条件下鲫鱼对Zn的富集能力最强。太湖水产品肌肉组织重金属污染大多属于未污染到微污染级别,个别属于严重污染级别,主要污染因子为Pb和Zn。

In order to investigate the current status of heavy metal pollution and food safety of aquatic products from Lake Taihu,atomic absorption spectrophotometry（AAS） was used to determine the contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn in the head,muscle and viscera of farmed and wild aquatic products.The results showed that the distribution patterns of heavy metals in different parts of aquatic products were quite different.Heavy metals were mainly distributed in the head and viscera of all investigated aquatic products except wild crucian carp（Carassius auratus）.The contents of heavy metals in each part of aquatic products generally decreased in the following order： Zn Cu Pb Cd.The levels of heavy metal pollution in the muscle tissue of farmed and wild aquatic products were different,with higher levels being found in the muscle tissue of wild aquatic products.Furthermore,the content of each heavy metal in muscle tissue were also different among different kinds of aquatic products,with both farmed and wild Metapenaeus ensis having the strongest Cu accumulation capacity while wild crucian carp having the strongest Zn accumulation capacity.The heavy metal pollution in the muscle tissue of aquatic products from Lake Taihu was generally at slight levels,and only a few of them were seriously polluted with heavy metals.The main pollution factors were Pb and Zn.