清末奉天开放禁地与移民生存状态研究

Study of Open Forbidden in Fengtian in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Survival of the Immigrants on the State

清末,东北封禁政策难以为继,政治腐败,经济困难,加之东北边疆的危机加速了清末移民实边政策的出台。清廷决定打开方便之门开禁放垦,以达到移民实边、抵御列强和并缓解内地人口压力的目的。于是清廷陆续开禁了奉天地区边境、围场等地。随着禁地的纷纷开放,关内移民出现了大量举家迁移关外的情景。在如此浩大的移民潮中,逐渐形成了一种"聚合效应"。但此时在奉天地区的战争亦不断发生,从而在一定程度上稍微遏制了这种势头。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the policy of blocking the Northeast was difficult to continue,political corruption and economic difficulties, and the crisis in the northeast border area accelerated theintroduction of the policy of the end of the Qing Dynasty. The court decided to open convenient ways toban reclaiming cancel, immigrant, against the powers and the pressure of the population and alleviate themainland. So the succession release of Fengtian province border, paddock etc.. With the forbidden areahave open, there area large number of immigration from Shanhaiguan moved outside the scene. In suchahuge wave of immigration, a ＂polymerization effect＂ has been formed. But at this point in the Fengtianwar also continue to occur, to a certain extent, curbed the momentum slightly.