公司越权担保效力探究

Study of the Effectiveness of Corporate Guarantee

商事担保可以提高公司的信用,可以使公司与合作伙伴维持良好的商事关系甚至公司可以利用担保获得交易机会。但滥用公司对外担保的权利甚至超越法定职权对外担保会给公司、股东、债权人带来巨大的风险,这种收益与风险的不对称性使得法律在赋予公司对外担保能力的同时做出诸多的限制。从1993年到2013年《公司法》修改至今,争论仍持续不止。公司对外提供担保,若是章程未规定股东会还是董事会有决定对外担保的权限,一般推定股东会享有决定权。若公司对外担保并未遵循章程的规定,合同的效力也要随着担保权人善意与否作出不同的判断,担保权人恶意,则合同无效。

Commercial guarantee can improve the company's credit,making the company maintain a good business relationship with its partners and even obtain trading opportunities,but the abuse of the company's external security rights even beyond the powers of external will place companies,shareholders and creditors at huge risk. The asymmetry of benefits and risks makes the law impose a lot of restrictions in addition to the rights. From 1993 to 2013,the debate continued. If the company provides guaranty while the charter does not stipulate which institution has the right,shareholder meeting or board of directors,the former has. If the company's external guarantee does not comply with provisions of charter,the validity of the contract shall also be judged with bona fide intention of the guarantor and if the security right is malicious,the contract is invalid.