黑龙江省公众参与应急志愿服务现状调查研究

Survey on the public participation in emergency volunteer service in Heilongjiang

目的分析黑龙江省公众参与应急志愿服务现状及影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取黑龙江省5个城市2 800名公众进行问卷调查。结果回收有效问卷2 686份,有效率95.93%。652人(24.27%)参加过应急志愿服务。男性,年龄≤40岁,居住城镇/农村,高中和大学及以上,有较强的责任认知,社会资本高,抗风险意识和应急准备行为倾向,掌握应急知识与技能,有应急经历以及过去1年接受过应急宣传、培训、演练的公众报告率较高(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,公众参与应急志愿服务的促进因素为男性(OR=1.451),居住地类型为城镇/农村(OR=1.539),文化程度为高中(OR=1.413)和大学及以上(OR=1.736),有较强的责任认知(OR=1.486),社会资本(OR=1.495),抗风险意识(OR=1.833)和应急准备行为倾向(OR=1.338),掌握应急知识与技能(OR=1.249)以及过去1年接受过应急宣传、培训、演练(OR=2.205)。结论黑龙江省公众应急志愿服务的参与度有待提高,应完善法律法规,加强应急教育,并建立志愿者保险制度,进而提高公众参与应急志愿服务的积极性。

Objective To understand the current status of public participation in emergency volunteer service and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 800 participants randomly selected from 5 cities in Heilongjiang by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Results A total of 2 686 valid questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed.24.27% of respondents claimed of having participated in emergency volunteer service.Male respondents and less than 40 years old,living in the suburban or rural areas,well-educated,having a high responsibility cognition,social capital and anti-risk awareness and behavior tendency of emergency preparedness,having better emergency knowledge and skills and experience,and having received emergency training in the past year usually were more likely to participate in emergency volunteer service（P〈0.05）.Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors were male（OR=1.451）,living in the suburban or rural areas（OR=1.539）,high school education（OR=1.413）or university education or higher（OR=1.736）,high responsibility cognition（OR=1.486）,social capital（OR=1.495）,anti-risk awareness（OR=1.833）,behavior tendency of emergency preparedness（OR=1.338）,better emergency knowledge and skills（OR=1.249）,having received emergency training in the past year（OR=2.205）. Conclusions Public participation in emergency volunteer service should be further improved.Emergency education should be strengthened and volunteer insurance system should be established to encourage the public to actively participate in emergency volunteer service.