服务业外资自由化与中国制造业企业出口绩效--基于上下游投入产出关系的分析

Service FDI liberalization and export performance of Chinese manufacturing firms:from the perspective of input-output relationship between upstream and downstream industry

通过上游服务业与下游制造业之间的投入产出关系,将服务业开放与下游制造企业出口绩效联系起来,分析了服务业外资自由化对我国制造企业出口绩效产生影响的理论机制。构建服务业外资自由化指标,并利用2000—2006年中国工业企业数据库与海关数据库的匹配数据进行实证分析。研究发现服务业外资自由化对我国制造企业的出口具有显著的促进作用。从具体细分的服务业行业来看,交通运输业、电信业对制造企业出口的促进作用最为显著。从作用机制来看,服务业外资自由化通过生产能力效应、质量升级效应与产品种类效应促进了我国制造企业出口绩效的改善。但是这种促进作用对不同企业具有差异:从企业生产效率来看,对高生产率制造企业的出口作用要大于低生产率制造企业;从要素结构来看,对资本密集型与技术密集型行业的促进作用要高于劳动密集型行业;从企业地域分布来看,较中西部企业,对东部地区企业的影响最为显著。

This paper links service FDI liberalization and export performance of manufacturing firms through the input- output relationship between the upstream service industry and downstream manufacturing industry and explores the effects of service FDI liberalization on manufacturing firms＇ export and its mechanisms. We construct the index of service FDI liberaliza- tion to empirically investigate the effects, using the matched data of China＇s industrial enterprise database and the customs da- tabase during 2000--2006. The research results show that service FDI liberalization has a positive effect on export perform- ance of Chinese manufacturing firms. In terms of the specific segment of the service industry, the transport industry and the telecommunications industry have the most significant contribution to the export of manufacturing enterprises. In terms of the mechanism, the liberalization of FDI in the service promotes the export performance of manufacturing industry through the production capacity effect, the quality upgrading effect and the product category effect. But the promoting effect is different for different firms. In terms of production efficiency, the high-productivity manufacturing firms benefit more than low-productivity manufacturing firms. In terms of factor structure, the capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry benefit more than la- bor-intensive industry. In terms of geographical distribution, the firms located in eastern region benefit more than the firms lo- cated in central or western region