海洋微生物裂解二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的酶促催化机制

Catalytic mechanisms of marine microbial enzymes for dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) cleavage

二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(dimethylsulfoniopropionate,DMSP)是全球硫循环和碳循环的重要载体物质。海洋浮游植物、大型藻类和临海被子植物是DMSP的主要生产者。每年DMSP的产量可以达到1×10~9吨。在北大西洋表面的某些区域,DMSP的产量可以达到碳固定总量的10%。微生物介导的DMSP的裂解是全球硫循环和碳循环的重要步骤。目前,8种参与裂解DMSP的DMSP裂解酶已被报道。在已发现的8种DMSP裂解酶中,3种DMSP裂解酶的催化机制得到了研究和阐明。本文根据国内外研究成果,主要对DMSP裂解过程的酶促催化机制的研究进展进行综述,认为在今后工作中需要继续发现新的DMSP裂解酶,并进一步揭示海洋微生物裂解DMSP的分子机制。

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate （DMSP）, produced on a scale of 1×10^9 tons a year by marine phytoplankton, microalgae and a few marine angiosperms, is a major participant in the global sulfur and carbon cycles. In some areas of the ocean surface of the North Atlantic, DMSP can account for 10 % of the fixed carbon. Microbial cleavage of DMSP is an important step in global sulfur and carbon cycles. Up to now, eight kinds of DMSP lyases have been identified and three of these lyases have been studied and deciphered in mechanism. Here, we review the progresses in the catalytic mechanism of DMSP cleavage and think that more new DMSP lyases should be identified and new molecular mechanisms for DMSP cleavage by marine microbial enzymes should be further revealed in the future.