香港基本法第158条与司法审查次终性理念——基于基本法实施20周年的反思

Article 158 of the Basic Law of HKSAR and Judicial Review Penultimacy:An Analysis and Review on the 20 Years' Practice

《香港特别行政区基本法》第158条所建立的香港法院与全国人大常委会"对话式释法机制"并非是普通法世界的异类,相反,其与英国、加拿大以及新西兰等英联邦国家的宪法体制一样,共同分享着"法官有权解释宪法/高级法,但建制化的人民代表才是宪法/高级法终极守护者"的法律哲学,因此都可视为是以"司法审查次终性"理念来发展普通法的重要方式。在香港回归20年之际,当人们对第158条所建立的释法机制进行总结和评估时,应珍视这种业已构成"一国两制"和香港法治重要基石的法律实施机制,不宜将美国司法至上式的宪法体制照搬到我国香港地区。

The Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region （1997）, together with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms （1982）,the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act （1990） and the British Human Rights Act （1998）, shares with the same philosophy of law, which is ＂The court should have the power to interpret constitution/high law, while the institutionalization of the represent of people must have the final word on the interpretation of constitution/high law ＂ Therefore,the model of ＂dialogue-oriented interpretation between Hong Kong Courts and the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress ＂,which is established by article 158 of Basic Law, is a specific form of the ＂judicial review penultimacy model＂. When observers make their comments on the Basic Law after its put into force 20 years later, the interpretation mechanism within the article 158 of the Basic Law should be regarded as a success model but not a ＂nature＇s error＂ for the Common Law world, as this mechanism and model is not only the important cornerstone for the rule of law of Hong Kong and ＂one Country two System＂, but also China＇s contribution on the development of the Common Law.