乾隆朝诗学史研究的问题与方法

Issues and Methods in the Research of Poetic History in Qianlong Period

乾隆一朝是清代文化、学术最繁荣的时期,也是诗学最发达的时期,诗论家众多,诗派林立。社会富庶,君主右文,科举恢复试诗,幕府争揽贤才,形成普遍的诗歌风气。而浓厚的学术风气在给予诗歌强烈刺激的同时,也挤压着诗歌生活的空间,带来性情与学问的紧张。原有的格调诗学走向总结和综合,试帖诗学推动蒙学诗法的复兴,新起的性灵诗学和肌理诗学从不同方向为弥补神韵诗学的缺陷而各辟新途,桐城文派、高密诗派从不同的文学传统中发展出各自的诗学观,强化了乾隆诗学整体上的多样化格局和丰富的诗学理论,使乾隆诗学史的研究面临前所未有的复杂性。本文在总结、反思前期成果的基础上,提出以时间线索为经、以流派为纬的研究思路,力求以一个清晰、合理的格局展开对乾隆朝诗学史的论述。

Qianlong was one of the most prosperous periods of culture and learning in Oing Dynasty. It was also the most developed period of poetry. There were many poetry theorists and poetic schools. Affluent society, the monarch, imperial restoration on poetry, imperial examination resumed Poetry, the shogunate struggle for talent, causing widespread poetic atmosphere. The strong academic atmosphere, while giving poetry a strong stimulus, also squeezed the space of poetic life, bringing the tension of temperament and knowledge. The original style of poetry to summarize and synthesize, promotion of the private school poetry Renaissance by Shitie （试岾） Poetics, the Poetics of natural disposition and texture poetics from different directions to remedy the defects of verve poetry and pioneer the new way, the Tongcheng （桐城） School, Gaorni （高密） Poetic School from different literary traditions developed their own poetics, strengthen the Poetics of Qianlong the overall pattern of diversified and rich poetic theory, the research of Qianlong＇s poetic history faces hitherto unknown complexity. Based on the summary and reflection on the finding, the author put forward their research approach of taking temporal clues as longitude and taking the schools as latitude to exhibit a clear and reasonable pattern of Qianlong period poetics discussion.