清代直隶口外地区内务府牧厂的管理

The Management of Imperial Household's Pasture in Northern Zhili Province in the Qing Dynasty

清朝军用牧政,归于兵部和太仆寺管理;皇室御用的牛、马、羊、驼等"四项牲畜",由内务府的上驷院与庆丰司管理。清朝在直隶口外地区设立的内务府牧厂计有:属上驷院管辖的商都达布逊诺尔牧厂、属庆丰司管辖的三旗牛羊群牧厂以及由上驷院和庆丰司共管的达里冈爱牧厂。牧厂牧丁则来自于察哈尔八旗旗丁,由中央拨款供养。内务府牧厂的主要任务是为皇帝巡幸提供牲畜,并为北京城供应皇室食用和祭祀所需的牲畜和副产品,此外也承担少量的军事供马。内务府牧厂是清朝运用设立多重政府的方式,有效治理不同族群的一个成功实践。

The military livestock in the Qing dynasty was attributed to the management of ＂Bingbu＂（兵部） and ＂Taipusi ＂（太仆寺）. Other imperial livestock were administrated by ＂Shangsiyuan＂ （上驷院） and ＂Qingfengsi＂ （庆丰司） of imeperial household. The Qing government established several national pastures in Northern Zhili： Shangdu-Dabsun Nuur pasture belongs to ＂Shangsiyuan＂（上驷院）; The three upper banners pasture under the jurisdiction of ＂Qingfengsi＂ （庆丰司） and Dariganga pasture co-owned by both. The herdsmen were all from Chakhar Banners. They were supported by central grant. The main task of the pastures was to provide livestock for the emperor＇s tour and supply the livestock and byproducts for the royal consumption,as well as a small amount of military supplies. The imperial household pastures were a successful practice of establishing multiple governments in the Qing dynasty and managing different ethnic groups effectively.