枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Reproductive Performance of Sows and Growth of Their Offspring during Perinatal Period

试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康大白猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期为妊娠85 d至产后21 d。分别于母猪妊娠85、112 d和产后21 d测量母猪背膘厚并计算背膘损失。于产后1和21 d耳缘静脉采血,肝素抗凝,离心分离血浆,测定血浆生化指标。于产后1 d记录母猪的产仔数和产活仔数,并称取仔猪出生窝重。于产后21 d称取仔猪断奶窝重并计算断奶窝日增重;每天观察并记录每窝仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对母猪繁殖性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著降低了仔猪1~7日龄和1~21日龄腹泻率(P<0.05),显著增加了产后21 d母猪血浆免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)含量(P<0.05),且产后1 d母猪血浆白蛋白(P=0.087)和Ig M(P=0.096)含量以及产后21 d背膘厚(P=0.096)均呈增加趋势。综上所述,饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂虽然不影响母猪繁殖性能,但可增强机体对蛋白质的利用和免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻率。

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis on reproductive performance of sows and growth of their offspring during perinatal period. Forty healthy Large White sows at close to 85 d of gestation during 2 to 4 parities were used and randomly allocated to 2 groups with 20 pigs per group. The sows in the control group were fed a basal diet, and others in the experiment group were fed the basal diet supple- mented with 250 g/t Bacillus subtilis preparation. The trial period was from pregnancy 85 d to postpartum 21 d. The backfat thickness of sows were measured at pregnancy 85 and 112 d and postpartum 21 d, respectively, to calculate the backfat loss; at postpartum 1 and 21 d, the blood samples of sows were collected by ear vein into heparin coated-tubes, respectively, to obtain the plasma by centrifuging for analysis of plasma biochemical pa- rameters. At postpartum 1 d, the litter size and alive litter size were recorded, as well as the litter birth weight of piglets. At postpartum 21 d, the litter weight of weaned piglets was weighed to calculate weaning daily gain per litter. The diarrhea occurrence of piglets was observed per day throughout the experiment to calculate the di- arrhea rate. The results showed that compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis did not affect the reproductive performance of sows （P〉0.05）, but significantly reduced the diarrhea rate of piglets from 1 to 7 days of age and 1 to 21 days of age （P〈0.05）, and significantly increased the plas- ma immunoglobulin M （IgM） content of sows at postpartum 21 d （P〈0.05）, as well as increased the contents of albumin （ALB） （P=0.087） and IgM （P=0.096） in plasma at the postpartum 1 d and backfat thickness （P=0.096） of sows at postpartum 21 d （P〉0.05）. Collectively, dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis preparation do not affect on reproductive performance of sows, but can enhance the utilization of protein and immunity of sows, and reduce diarrhea rate of piglets.