三大观念与魏晋南北朝美学的重写

Three Concepts and the Rewriting of Aesthetics in Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

三大观念可以把魏晋南北朝美学用一种新方式贯穿起来:一是人的自觉和文的自觉。人在南朝是具有个人情趣的士人,在北朝是从边缘胡风走向华夏中心的士人;文在南朝是以骈文与五言诗为主的艺术美学的求美之文,在北朝是从胡风走向华夏的政治美学之文。二是南朝与北朝不同的美学路向与美学特色。特别是北朝,与南朝的艺术美学走向不同,是从胡风走向华夏中以朝廷仪式、都城结构、服冠装饰以及丝路众美推动下的政治美学和生活美学。三是儒释道互动中的美学。儒家以《周礼》为核心展开为五礼的政治美学,释道以神灵体系建构为核心的宗教美学。在儒释道互动中,有宗教与政治结合而产生的置宗教美学于政治美学之中,有儒释道对各种本土巫风的提升,置宗教美学于社会美学之中,有三者影响而产生的妖、怪、鬼、灵的定型。

The three concepts run through the aesthetics of the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties in a new way.First is the consciousness of human and literature.People in the Southern Dynasty could be a scholar with personal taste,while in the Northern Dynasty they are someone who come from the edge of the civilization of Hu(northern barbarian tribes in ancient China)to the center of China.In the Southern Dynasties,literature,on the basis of prose and five-character poetry,pursued elegance and aesthetics.While in Northern Dynasty,it focused on the political aesthetics.Second is the difference between the orientations and features of aesthetics in Southern Dynasties and those in Northern Dynasties.Especially the orientations of aesthetics in Northern Dynasties are the political aesthetics and life aesthetics driven by the ceremony of the court,the capital structure,the crown decoration and beauty of the Silk Road in the process of moving from Hu to the center of China.Third is the aesthetics in the interaction among Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.Confucianism started with"Rites of Zhou"——"Humanity,Justice,Etiquette,Wisdom and Faith"----as the core of a political aesthetics.Buddhism and Taoism create religious aesthetics based on the construction of god system.In the interaction among Confucianism as well as Buddhism,Taoism,religion and politics are combined to create religious aesthetics in political aesthetics.In addition,they develop local witchcraft and set religious aesthetics among the social aesthetics.Furthermore,influenced by the three the images of demons,monsters,ghosts and spirits emerge.