儒家礼乐教化的现代解读

Modern Interpretation of Confucian Rites and Music Enlightenment

礼乐教化是中国传统社会长期形成的一种特有的政治、文化与教育制度。《乐记》集中地体现了儒家礼乐教化学说,也揭示以"乐教"为表现形态的中国美育的主要特征。儒家礼乐教化植根于"天人合一"观念,以"中和"为政治、道德、审美观念的核心,其实质是"德音"之教。既重视礼与乐在性质、功能上的区别,又注重两者的相辅相成、交融统一,从而使美育既承担了重要的政治、伦理教化责任,又具有相对独立的重要地位。儒家讲"礼乐教化",以"成人"为重心,礼乐互补互济、内外交养,追求人生修养的德性之美与仪容规范之美的和谐统一。儒家认为,礼乐不仅能够通过教化人心达到社会的和谐,而且能够促进人类社会与天地自然的整体和谐,达到天人相通的自由的审美境界。

Rites and music enlightenment is a peculiar political,cultural and educational system formed in traditional Chinese society."Yue Ji"mainly embodies the Confucian theory of rituals and music enlightenment,and reveals"music education"as the main characteristic of the Chinese aesthetic education.The essence of Confucian rites and music enlightenment is the education with"moral music"and it is rooted in the concept of"harmony between man and nature"and centered on"neutralization"relating to political,moral and aesthetic conceptions.It not only emphasizes the difference between the nature and function of rites and music,but also stresses the mutual supplement and unification of the two.As a result,aesthetic education not only assumes the important political and ethical responsibility but also has the independent position.Confucianism advocates"rites and music enlightenment",focuses on"cultivating people",and believes in the complementarities of rites and music and the uniformity of inside and outside to pursue unification of virtuous beauty and grooming beauty.Confucianism believes that rites and music can not only achieve social harmony through enlightenment,but also promote the overall harmony between human society and nature,thus reaching the unconstrained aesthetic realm of the unity of human and nature.