帕菲特对斯坎伦准则中个人主义限定的批判

Parfit's Critique of Individualist Restriction in Scanlon's Formula

斯坎伦是当代著名的契约主义伦理学家和政治哲学家。他以个人的行为作为出发点,用微观的视角来考察个人道德的本质性问题。斯坎伦试图论证人们的行为何以是正当的,人们行为的过程中是不是有着行为正当性的一般原则,并提出了契约论思想。帕菲特对其思想进行概括,总结出了"斯坎伦准则",并对"斯坎伦准则"内容中的"个人主义限定"进行了批判。帕菲特认为斯坎伦的"个人主义限定"本质上是对"分配正义的原则"认识上出现了错误。这显示了两个当代最重要的伦理学家、政治哲学家的理论学说中的一个关键分歧。

Thomas Scanlon is a famous contemporary contractualism ethicist and political philosopher. He uses individual behavior as a starting point to to examine the nature of personal morality from a micro-perspective. Scanlon tried to expound and prove how people＇ s behavior can be legitimate,and whether there is a general principle of the legitimacy of behavior in the process of people＇s behavior,based on which he proposed the idea of contract. Derek Parfit generalized Scanlon＇s thought and summarized it as ＂ Scanlon＇s Formula＂,of which ＂ individualist restriction＂ he criticized. Parfit is of the opinion that ＂ individualist restriction＂ is in nature a mistake in the understanding of ＂ principle of distribution justice＂. This is the major divergence in the theories of the two contemporary most important ethicists and political philosophers.