中国老龄化的现状与积极应对

Status Quo of China's Population Ageing and Positive Response on it

从1999年中国步入老龄化社会至今,近二十年的时间里,中国的老龄化形势依然紧迫,表现为老龄人口数量最多、老龄化速度最快、老龄化水平差异最大和老龄工作任务最重。然而,我们对此应保持辩证认识。人口老龄化一方面给中国带来经济发展、民生保障、代际关系和城乡统筹等多方面的挑战,另一方面也给社会就业、老龄产业、资本市场、人力资源和农业经营带来新的发展和改革机遇。为此,本文总结了我国应对人口老龄化形势的五项主要优势,并勾勒出了化优势为路径的老龄工作框架,即"围绕'一个目标'、实施'两轮驱动'、做好'三项工作'、弥补'四个短板'、加强'五项重点工作'"。

The problem of population ageing arising in1999, almost 20 years since then, is still an urgent issue of our country. This problem is featured by the largest number of aged population, the fastest ageing speed, the most different ageing levels and the heavist mission on handling this problem. Despite all these facts, we should hold a dialectical view on the population ageing issue. On one hand, the population ageing brings about challenges in lots of areas, such as economics, livelihood security, relationship between generations and the balanced development between cities and rural areas. Whereas, it also provides developing and reform opportunities for the employment, industries for the elderly, capital market, personnel resources and agricultural management. Hence, this paper firstly summarizes five main advantages of China to handle the population ageing problem, and then offers the corresponding framework to cope with it, namely, ＂focusing on one goal, implementing two-wheel drive policy, doing well three fields of work, strengthening three weak fields, and reinforcing five key areas＂